Showing posts with label charger. Show all posts
Showing posts with label charger. Show all posts
Wednesday, November 12, 2014
Automatic Battery Charger
Normally, chargers available in the market do not have any sort of control except for a ro-tary switch that can select different tap-pings on a rheostat, to vary the charging current. This type of control is not adequate because of the irregular fluctuations in the mains supply, rendering the control ineffective. A simple circuit intended for automatic charging of lead-acid batteries is presented here. It is flexible enough to be used for large capacity inverter batteries. Only the rating of transformer and power transistor needs to be increased.
Circuit diagram :
![]( "Automatic")
Circuit diagram :
Automatic Battery Charger
The circuit has been basically designed for a car battery (about 40 Ah rating), which could be used for lighting two 40W tube lights. The circuit includes Schmitt trigger relay driver,float charger,and battery voltage monitor sections. The Schmitt trigger is incorporated to avoid relay chattering. It is designed for a window of about 1V. During charging, when the battery voltage increases be-yond 13.64V, the relay cuts off and the float charging section continues to work.
When battery voltage goes below 11.66V, the relay is turned on and direct (fast) charging of the battery takes place at around 3A. In the Schmitt trigger circuit, resistors R1 and R2 are used as a simple voltage divider (divide-by-2) to provide battery voltage sample to the inverting input terminal of IC1. The non-invert-ing input terminal of IC1 is used for reference input derived from the output of IC2 (7806), using the potentiometer arrangement of resistors R3 (18 kilo-ohm) and R4 (1 kilo-ohm).
LED1 is connected across relay to indicate fast charging mode. Diodes D3 and D6 in the common leads of IC2 and IC3 respectively provide added protecion to the regulators. The float charging section, comprising regulator 7812, transistors T3 and T4, and few other discrete components, becomes active when the battery volt-age goes above 13.64V (such that the relay RL1 is deenergised). In the energised state of the relay, the emitter and collector of transistor T4 remain shorted, and hence the float charger is ineffective and direct charging of battery takes place.
The reference terminal of regulator (IC3) is kept at 3.9V using LED2, LED3, and diode D6 in the common lead of IC3 to obtain the required regulated output (15.9V), in excess of its rated output, which is needed for proper operation of the circuit. This output voltage is fed to the base of transistor T3 (BC548), which along with transistor T4 (2N3055) forms a Darlington pair. You get 14.5V output at the emitter of transistor T4, but because of a drop in diode D7 you effectively get 13.8V at the positive terminal of the battery.When Schmitt trigger switches ‘on’ relay RL1, charging is at high current rate (boost mode). The fast charging path, starting from transformer X2, comprises diode D5, N/O contacts of relay RL1, and diode D7.
The circuit built around IC4 and IC5 is the voltage monitoring section that provides visual display of battery voltage level in bar graph like fashion. Regulator 7805 is used for generating reference voltage. Preset VR1 (20 kilo-ohm) can be used to adjust voltage levels as indicated in the circuit. Here also a pot meter arrangement using resistors R7, R8, and R9 is used as ‘divide by 3’ circuit to sample the battery voltage. When voltage is below 10V, the buzzer sounds to indicate that the safe dis-charge limit has been exceeded.
Sunday, October 19, 2014
Battery Charger based on AVR ATMega 8535
Battery Charger in general can be interpreted as a means to recharge the battery charge. Principles of good charger circuit is capable of providing resources to perform effectively charging the battery, efficient and safe. AVR-Based Battery Charger ATMega 8535 With LCD Display This is an idea that had just emerged from the author.
In AVR-Based Battery Charger design ATMega 8535 With LCD Display is using AVR microcontroller processor charger with ATMega 8535, process the data viewer charger with LCD, a safety from a hot temperature with the temperature sensor LM35 and several buttons for setting the charger. And component power charger Battery Charger Based on AVR ATMega 8535 With LCD Display is a FET. |
| Click to view larger |
Function-Based Battery Charger Part Series AVR ATMega 8535 With LCD Display
ATMega 8535 AVR microcontroller serves as the controlling process of the charger.
Button S1 - S5 as input data charger settings (setting the current, maximum temperature, peak voltage batteries)
LM35 Temperature Sensor function as heat sensors in the battery during charge.
LCD Display function to display data and display settings charger battery charger process measurement data.
FET serves as a power charger that will flow into the battery charging current.
Saturday, October 4, 2014
Nimh Battery Charger using LT 4060
This is the outline of a powerful battery charger and efficient Ni-MH IC LT4060 from Linear Technologies. In addition to the Ni-MH Nickel-cadmium can also be gained by slightly modifying the load circuit.For Ni-Cd CHEM connect pin (pin12) of the IC + Vcc.Here circuit is configured to load 2 connected cells in series. By altering the connections and SEL1 pins SEL0 up to 4 batteries in series can be charged with this circuit.
To load a single cell, are connected and SEL1 pin to GND SEL0. For filling two cells connected to GND and Vcc SEL0 SEL1. For filling three cells, connected to VCC and SEL0 SEL1 to GND. For filling 4 cells, and SEL1 pins SEL0 connect to VCC. The circuit also has the charging temperature NTC thermistor based qualification.An connected to the NTC pin (pin11) of the IC operates as the temperature sensor.
Thursday, October 2, 2014
Zero Drop Diode Circuit for Solar Charger Application
Any diode-based circuit that safeguards against supply polarity reversal brings about a certain voltage drop. The following post shows a zero drop diode equivalent circuit which can specifically become useful for solar charger applications.
Solar panels as we all know may heavily depend on the position of the sun and its rays intensity. Under overcast conditions the solar panel strength also deteriorates and its voltage drops. A diode is normally associated with solar panels for preventing accidental reverse connection, however a rectifier diode or even other forms of diodes also drop some voltage across them which might become crucial during bad sun light conditions.
The discussed circuit of a zero drop diode circuit effectively handles the above situation.
Additionally, in case relatively higher currents are associated, the employment of an applicable diode, and its dissipation, can pose problems.
This circuit employs a relay contact to disconnect the positive supply whenever the input voltage is rendered the wrong polarity. The coil voltage of the relay can be selected to be lower than the input voltage, since Re is triggered within a few milliseconds, and subsequently acquires the correct coil voltage through T1-D1.
As the sustaining voltage of a relay is ususally below than the switching voltage, D2 can be calculated such that the relay triggers optimally with a lowest of zener current consumed from the supply.
Solar panels as we all know may heavily depend on the position of the sun and its rays intensity. Under overcast conditions the solar panel strength also deteriorates and its voltage drops. A diode is normally associated with solar panels for preventing accidental reverse connection, however a rectifier diode or even other forms of diodes also drop some voltage across them which might become crucial during bad sun light conditions.
The discussed circuit of a zero drop diode circuit effectively handles the above situation.
Additionally, in case relatively higher currents are associated, the employment of an applicable diode, and its dissipation, can pose problems.
This circuit employs a relay contact to disconnect the positive supply whenever the input voltage is rendered the wrong polarity. The coil voltage of the relay can be selected to be lower than the input voltage, since Re is triggered within a few milliseconds, and subsequently acquires the correct coil voltage through T1-D1.
As the sustaining voltage of a relay is ususally below than the switching voltage, D2 can be calculated such that the relay triggers optimally with a lowest of zener current consumed from the supply.
Simple Ni Cd Battery Charger Circuit
This Ni-Cd cell charger can charge upto eight cells at 21 time and has facilities of standard and fast charging and full-charge indicator. The auto shut-off chargers arc unsuccessful in r India due to frequent interruptions in the mains supply.
The transformer has two separate windings of 0-12V on the secondary side the first being for the charging circuit and the second for the monitor- ing circuit. lC LM3l7T variable volt- age regulator is the heart of the circuit which selects between the standard and U the quick charging modes. Diode D10 blocks the reverse flow of current during mains off while R5 to Rl2 limit the ` current. The current is constant due to the constant voltage. Comparator IC2 uA7 41 compares the reference voltage with the monitoring voltage. When these are equal LED2 starts glowing, indicating full-charge condition. The monitoring circuit monitors only one cell at a time. A multi-way switch can be used to monitor the other cells.
This circuit can be used for charging more than eight cells by using a transformer and semiconductors of higher current capacity. IC LM317T should be used with a suitable heatsink. For the adjustment of VR2, adjust VRl to read 3V and then connect a fully charged Ni-Cd cell in the test cum charge terminal. Adjust VR2 till LED l0 starts glowing.
The transformer has two separate windings of 0-12V on the secondary side the first being for the charging circuit and the second for the monitor- ing circuit. lC LM3l7T variable volt- age regulator is the heart of the circuit which selects between the standard and U the quick charging modes. Diode D10 blocks the reverse flow of current during mains off while R5 to Rl2 limit the ` current. The current is constant due to the constant voltage. Comparator IC2 uA7 41 compares the reference voltage with the monitoring voltage. When these are equal LED2 starts glowing, indicating full-charge condition. The monitoring circuit monitors only one cell at a time. A multi-way switch can be used to monitor the other cells.
This circuit can be used for charging more than eight cells by using a transformer and semiconductors of higher current capacity. IC LM317T should be used with a suitable heatsink. For the adjustment of VR2, adjust VRl to read 3V and then connect a fully charged Ni-Cd cell in the test cum charge terminal. Adjust VR2 till LED l0 starts glowing.
Saturday, September 13, 2014
Simple 6V charger battery circuit
This is very simple charger 9V - 30V battery charger with main operation by IC LM317L and 2N222 transistor. Direct input DC voltage , the recomended capacitor is 1000uf. It can be filtering Output voltage and make long-lasting battery. And easy to make this circuit , without using the PCB would be able to.See the Charger Schematic and troubleshooting below :
- Check input voltage, whether working or not.
- Check the installation of the pins of components.
- Chek transistor , at input voltage , base , and output voltage.
- Check IC input voltage and output voltage , there or not.
Tuesday, September 2, 2014
Universal battery charger with 12V source voltage
In this post I will share about using Accu source to charge batteries that can be used on any mobile brand, or can be called universal phone battery charger. Because the battery charger using a source of 12V, the charge accumulator can also be used in cars and others.
This will out charger circuit voltage of 5 volts DC, with input from at least 6 volt battery, and voltage inputs that have been tried till with 15 volts (more than it has not been tried, because the battery that tie the maximum output voltage is only 13.8 volts).
Saturday, August 16, 2014
Particularly LM317 Circuit With 12v Battery Charger Circuit
Introduction
The LM317 is AN adjustable three terminal transformer that is capable of supply 1.2 to 37 volts with a secure 1.5A output current. The LM317 is prepackaged terribly} normal electronic transistor package that makes it very simple to mount in your diagram.
The LM317 is AN adjustable three terminal transformer that is capable of supply 1.2 to 37 volts with a secure 1.5A output current. The LM317 is prepackaged terribly} normal electronic transistor package that makes it very simple to mount in your diagram.
Schematic
Overview
The LM317 series of adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulators is capable of supply in more than 1.5A over a 1.2V to 37V output vary. theyre exceptionally simple to use and need solely 2 external resistors to line the output voltage. Further, each line and cargo regulation square measure higher than normal mounted regulators.
In addition to higher performance than mounted regulators, the LM317 series offers full overload protection out there solely in ICs. enclosed on the chip square measure current limit, thermal overload protection and safe space protection.
The LM317 makes AN particularly easy adjustable change regulator, a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a set electrical device between the adjustment pin and output, the LM317 may be used as a preciseness current regulator. provides with electronic conclusion may be achieved by clamping the adjustment terminal to ground that programs the output to one.2V wherever most masses draw very little current.
In addition to higher performance than mounted regulators, the LM317 series offers full overload protection out there solely in ICs. enclosed on the chip square measure current limit, thermal overload protection and safe space protection.
The LM317 makes AN particularly easy adjustable change regulator, a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a set electrical device between the adjustment pin and output, the LM317 may be used as a preciseness current regulator. provides with electronic conclusion may be achieved by clamping the adjustment terminal to ground that programs the output to one.2V wherever most masses draw very little current.
Pinout
Options
Specifications
- Guaranteed 1% output voltage tolerance (LM317A)
- Guaranteed max. 0.01%/V line regulation (LM317A)
- Guaranteed max. 0.3% load regulation (LM117)
- Guaranteed 1.5A output current
- Adjustable output down to 1.2V
- Current limit constant with temperature
- P + Product Enhancement tested
- 80 dB ripple rejection
- Output is short-schema protected
Circuit
Once you have learnt enough you can now put the LM317 into use and make the following schema:
12v Battery Charger Circuit
The schema may be accustomed charge 12V lead acid batteries.
Overview
Pin one of the LM317 IC is that the management pin that is employed to manage the charging voltage, Pin a pair of is that the output at that the charging voltage seems, Pin three is that the input to that the regulated DC offer is given.
The charging voltage and current is controlled by the electronic transistor (Q1), electrical device (R1) and POT (VR1). once the battery is 1st connected to the charging terminals, the present through R1 will increase. This successively will increase the present and voltage from LM317. once the battery is totally charged the charger reduces the charging current and also the battery are charged within the trickle charging mode.
Overview
Pin one of the LM317 IC is that the management pin that is employed to manage the charging voltage, Pin a pair of is that the output at that the charging voltage seems, Pin three is that the input to that the regulated DC offer is given.
The charging voltage and current is controlled by the electronic transistor (Q1), electrical device (R1) and POT (VR1). once the battery is 1st connected to the charging terminals, the present through R1 will increase. This successively will increase the present and voltage from LM317. once the battery is totally charged the charger reduces the charging current and also the battery are charged within the trickle charging mode.
Circuit
Notes
- The input voltage to the schema should be a minimum of 3V more than the expected output voltage. luminous flux unit 317 dissipates around 3V throughout its operation. Here I used 18V DC because the input.
- The charging voltage may be set by victimization the POT (VR1).
- The luminous flux unit 317 should be mounted on a sink.
- All capacitors should be rated a minimum of 25V.
- Youll be able to use crocodilian clips for connecting the battery to the charger.
Saturday, August 9, 2014
Auto Turn Off Battery Charger Wiring diagram Schematic
This Auto Turn-Off Battery Charger Circuit Diagram for series-connected 4-cell AA batteries automatically disconnects from mains to stop charging when the batteries are fully charged. It can be used to charge partially discharged cells as well. The schema is simple and can be divided into AC-to-DC converter, relay driver and charging sections. In the AC-to-DC converter section, transformer X1 steps down mains 230V AC to 9V AC at 750 mA, which is rectified by a full-wave rectifier comprising diodes D1 through D4 and filtered by capacitor C1. Regulator IC LM317 (IC1) provides the required 12V DC charging voltage.
Auto Turn-Off Battery Charger Circuit Diagram
When you press switch S1 momentarily, the charger starts operating and the power-on LED1 glows to indicate that the charger is ‘on.’ The relay driver section uses pnp transistors T1, T2 and T3 (each BC558) to energise electromagnetic relay RL1. Relay RL1 is connected to the collector of transistor T1. Transistor T1 is driven by pnp transistor T2, which, in turn, is driven by pnp transistor T3. Resistor R4 (10-ohm, 0.5W) is connected between the emitter and base of transistor T3.
When a current of over 65 mA flows through the 12V line, it causes a voltage drop of about 650 mV across resistor R4 to drive transistor T3 and cut off transistor T2. This, in turn, turns transistor T1 ‘on’ to energise relay RL1.
Now even if the pushbutton is released, mains is still available to the primary of the transformer through its normally open (N/O) contacts. In the charging section, regulator IC1 is biased to give about 7.35V. Preset VR1 is used for adjusting the bias voltage. Diode D6 connected between the output of IC1 and battery limits the output voltage to about 6.7V, which is used for charging the battery. Pushing switch S1 latches relay RL1 and the battery cells start charging. As the voltage per cell increases beyond 1.3V, the voltage drop across resistor R4 starts decreasing. When it falls below 650 mV, transistor T3 cuts off to drive transistor T2 and, in turn, cuts off transistor T3.
As a result, relay RL1 de-energises to cut off the charger and red LED1 turns off. You may determine the charging voltage depending on the NiCd cell specifications by the manufacturer. Here, we’ve set the charging voltage at 7.35V for four 1.5V cells. Nowadays, 700mAH cells are available in the market, which can be charged at 70 mA for 10 hours. The open-schema voltage is about 1.3V. The shut-off voltage point is determined by charging the four cells fully (at 70 mA for 14 hours). After measuring the output voltage, add the diode drop (about 0.65V) and bias LM317 accordingly.
Auto Turn-Off Battery Charger Circuit Diagram
When you press switch S1 momentarily, the charger starts operating and the power-on LED1 glows to indicate that the charger is ‘on.’ The relay driver section uses pnp transistors T1, T2 and T3 (each BC558) to energise electromagnetic relay RL1. Relay RL1 is connected to the collector of transistor T1. Transistor T1 is driven by pnp transistor T2, which, in turn, is driven by pnp transistor T3. Resistor R4 (10-ohm, 0.5W) is connected between the emitter and base of transistor T3.
When a current of over 65 mA flows through the 12V line, it causes a voltage drop of about 650 mV across resistor R4 to drive transistor T3 and cut off transistor T2. This, in turn, turns transistor T1 ‘on’ to energise relay RL1.
Now even if the pushbutton is released, mains is still available to the primary of the transformer through its normally open (N/O) contacts. In the charging section, regulator IC1 is biased to give about 7.35V. Preset VR1 is used for adjusting the bias voltage. Diode D6 connected between the output of IC1 and battery limits the output voltage to about 6.7V, which is used for charging the battery. Pushing switch S1 latches relay RL1 and the battery cells start charging. As the voltage per cell increases beyond 1.3V, the voltage drop across resistor R4 starts decreasing. When it falls below 650 mV, transistor T3 cuts off to drive transistor T2 and, in turn, cuts off transistor T3.
As a result, relay RL1 de-energises to cut off the charger and red LED1 turns off. You may determine the charging voltage depending on the NiCd cell specifications by the manufacturer. Here, we’ve set the charging voltage at 7.35V for four 1.5V cells. Nowadays, 700mAH cells are available in the market, which can be charged at 70 mA for 10 hours. The open-schema voltage is about 1.3V. The shut-off voltage point is determined by charging the four cells fully (at 70 mA for 14 hours). After measuring the output voltage, add the diode drop (about 0.65V) and bias LM317 accordingly.
Author : Y.M. Anandavardhana
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)